Archive for the ‘Family & Kinship’ Category

Throwing the Baby Out With the Macroevolutionary Bathwater

Tuesday, February 17th, 2009

Great post over at TakiMag concerning the self-defeating efforts of conservatives to dismiss Darwin’s insights:

I too am often disappointed that pundits on the pseudo-Right seek to undermine an insight that could strengthen their alleged worldview.  It’s no surprise that lurking below Intelligent Design there is an appeal to a form of universalism (and all its attendant condemnations), not unlike pro-life activists invoking civil-rights rhetoric and modern Christians championing universal human rights.

http://www.takimag.com/sniperstower/art … tionalism/

The fact that some extreme atheists use Darwinism as a sort of religion to explain ultimate origins does not excuse Christians who invoke the equally atheistic spirit of the French Revolution to attack it.  Both are lies.  And as I’ve pointed out before, all of the practical, political implications of Darwinism are microevolutionary in nature:

2008/12/13/intelligent-design-vs-evolution-a-conclusion/

When poor people with two-digit IQ’s are given the right to immigrate and vote on politicians who then decide how to tax the greater property and income of those with three-digit IQ’s, whom they outnumber, democracy becomes a farce of two wolves voting themselves a lamb for dinner.  When those differences are largely genetic and intractable, and those with less wealth have higher birthrates, we have a recipe for a very unstable society, on its way to the logical progression of multiculturalism: from the First World to crony-corrupt Mexico, from Mexico to racial-socialist Venezuela, from Venezuela to the affirmative-action-state (and world rape capital) of South Africa, from South Africa to the lawless murders, rapes, stealing and mass inflation of Zimbabwe, and from Zimbabwe to the permanent abyss of Haiti.

But hey, it feels good to rant about Hitler and Darwin, right?

The Risks of Affluence

Wednesday, January 21st, 2009

A decent article summarizing some important statistics if you ignore the psychobabble:

http://www.northshoremag.com/cgi-bin/ns … leged.html

Key takeaways:

1. Avoid affluent private schools after sixth grade.  I personally think a hybrid plan of private elementary school, homeschooled junior high and public high school (in a safe school district) is the next-best alternative to 100% homeschooling.

2. Don’t allow your kids to use a huge house as a means of escaping from the family, or vice versa for the family.  A smaller home is a healthier home in general.  I would also advocate eliminating single-occupant bedrooms if possible no matter how large the house (i.e. have fewer private areas and more common areas for activities; have a gameroom instead of a teenager’s own bedroom).  No Internet, no TV outside of public areas, under strict parental controls.

3. Don’t get over-involved in your kids’ activities and limit the number of adult-supervised formal things they do so they have more time for work around the house (or other genuine contributions to the family) and free play.

4. Don’t go buy your kids a bunch of “gear” for an activity they show interest in.  Make them buy their own gear or just buy a standard, not premium, level of quality.

5. If you have service providers like house cleaners, yard cutters, etc, reduce these in favor of child labor as soon as practically possible.

Key quotes:

Research shows that up to about seventh grade, affluence is a predictor of greater well-being. But after that point, Rampage says, the tide turns, and it becomes a predictor for increased problems. One-fifth of affluent 10th-grade girls experience significant depression. “That’s three times the national average,” Rampage says. “Affluent boys are 35 percent more likely than boys from poor or modest backgrounds to abuse alcohol, and popular boys from prosperous homes are at the greatest risk of all for substance abuse.”

In fact, the wealthier the child, the more likely to feel estranged. This matters because the best predictor for healthy adjustment is closeness to one’s parents, and the reverse is a warning sign for drug and alcohol use, anxiety and depression. And when these problems emerge in high school they may predict a lifelong vulnerability in adulthood.

One way that affluence plays a part, Rampage says, is that “closeness” has a literal component. A less-prosperous family usually shares a smaller space. Parents can see or hear when a child is upset or sad. Children can tell when their parents are worried and have a better sense of their family’s problems. The child is more likely to contribute, and the child’s contributions are more likely to be valued, which creates a sense of worth and responsibility.

The Death of the Middle Class, Part Two

Saturday, December 27th, 2008

A long overdue follow-up to The Death of the Middle Class, Part One.

If present trends continue, what will America look like in the future?  The answer is staring us in the face on our southern border: Anglo-America will become Latin America.  All of the same demographic groups are on the chessboard, and we will likely see similar results.

The Bush family is planning ahead. They have extensive business dealings with and Jeb has actually married into the corrupt white elite of Mexico. For it seems that the Latin American model is inevitable for America. And in that model, who you know and are related to is most important.

Observant students of history will consider Barack Obama not only the first African-American president, but also the first Latin-American president.  His election on meaningless slogans directly taken from Latin American political campaigns (”Yes we can”) is an indicator of the civic health of our Republic.

I recently read an essay by a French intellectual of the “New Right” in Europe. In this essay, he argues that nationalism is ironically, at its core, individualistic. By drawing a “big fence” around a sufficiently large group (”the nation”), loyalties shift from specific people (family, close kin, co-religionists, etc) to the abstraction of the nation. Abstractions are less demanding and messy than people. Give the government 50% of your earnings and let them take care of your parents, educate your children, etc. Socialism, when it has functioned at all, has always been a national sort of socialism. Ironically, the New Right is defending nationalism as a necessary precondition for socialism, a political given in the European system. I thank God my ancestors moved to America!

It seems to be a media fantasy that the new internationalism will lead to a multicultural utopia of atomized individuals with identities as multifaceted as their iPod playlists. This is really just tripe of course, to finish the decapitalization of Western Civilization.

Throughout all of history, proximity of diverse groups of people increases intolerance. This is why silly white liberals from lily-white rural Vermont have such silly socialist ideas about how people ought to get along. When many rural Vermonters don’t even have locks on their doors, they assume that everyone else must be just as honest and well-intended as they are, and any deviation from that system (such as the need for locks and firearms for self-defense) must be pathological.

If a multicultural future is inevitable, we must plan for this reality with facts, not fantasy.

First, the future will likely not have a middle class. Achieving a “comfortable” income level will no longer be formulaic and predictable. Most will be in a sort of tolerable poverty provided by plentiful material goods and cheap, crude mass entertainment (e.g. Wal-Mart and American Idol respectively are precursors to the future). If you wish to be middle class, you had best set your sights on filthy rich. The iron law of wealth distribution is returning, and the top 20% will own 80% of the wealth, likely more. It will be a mad scramble against global competition and regression to the mean (i.e. if you’re above-average at something, odds are your children will be closer to the average) to stay in that 20%.

So the struggle will be one of continuous improvement of one’s progeny. I want my children and grandchildren to be more moral, more intelligent and more beautiful/healthy than myself.

The masses will be degenerate, stupid and fat. Our new elite will be a new caste of the moral, literate and fit, based on the new capital of good genetics, good education and a more rugged morality better able to delay gratification.  Delayed gratification, or low time preference, correlates with intelligence but may actually be the driving factor of many success stories: people who save money instead of spending it do better financially; people who control their eating habits are more attractive and live longer than those who do not.

Acquiring and keeping capital will mean high resistance to marketing messages.  If your kids eat advertised junk food and become obese, they will not be able to attract a high-quality mate, decreasing your family’s genetic capital.  If your little girls become materialist “shop-a-holics”, as explicitly encouraged by advertisements to “splurge” on this or that plastic crap from China, they will drain your family’s monetary capital to nothing within one generation.

A friend of mine has described a microevolutionary trend called “Survival of the Prettiest”.  He said he noticed that pictures of people considered beautiful just 100 years ago look rather plain compared to the beauty we see all of the time now.  If you go into any ultra-high-end suburb (above the striving middle class range of homes), he observed, you will see fit, pretty mothers pushing around strollers; my friend comments that the men are as uniform in their earning power as the women are in their beauty.

While there has always been a correlation between beauty, health and IQ (beauty is basically symmetry of proportions, which indicates good genetics), this is now in overdrive as the cutthroat nature of modern capitalism increasingly gives males with the practical intelligence to earn money all of the cards in picking mates.  Long gone are the days when the pretty cheerleader could marry the cute but average jock and live comfortably ever after as long as her husband joined the union and worked hard for a high-paying manufacturer.  Now most women like that would be foolish not to go to the best college they could get into and pick from a pool of mates more able to provide a middle class standard of living.  Of course, in the second generation, these smart-male, pretty-female pairings tend to produce children who are both smart and pretty, which further enhances the correlation.

But this is not a Catch-22.  If your family is not wealthy, it means you lack monetary capital.  But monetary capital is itself just the end result of moral and genetic capital.  Thanks to the Internet, people merely poor in monetary capital can still build up moral capital.  Your children can receive an education second-to-none, for free.  Or you can waste your time.  Ironically, it is the very cheap abundance of Wal-mart and the Internet that will first increase then permanently decrease class mobility.

At the top will be people with all three forms of capital, some of whom will fritter it away.  At the bottom will be the deliberately ignorant, people who could read, for free, all of the great works of our civilization but choose to spend hours on Youtube.  And occasionally there will be that poor family out there, doing their best to improve themselves with the vast free resources available, akin to the children of the pioneers who became literate by reading their King James Bible by candlelight when the days’ chores were finished.

Second, there are mass opportunities as the capital stock of Western Civilization is redistributed. If we hope to rebuild it one day, we need to recapture as much of it as we can.

Some may have been shocked by my description of the future elite as moral, for our current elite is anything but moral. How will immoral elites be replaced with moral elites (and I would add- possibly a Christian elite)?

The strategy pursued by the current elite is fundamentally suicidal. Believing in nothing, they seek stimulation above all else and ultimately death. This elite is sterile, barely having children. And they will pass away.  Notice how easily non-Western elites who still cling to traditional notions of morality and thrift (e.g. the top 1% of Pakistanis, Indians, etc who move here as highly skilled immigrants) are able to displace our elites in professions such as medicine and academia.  Imagine how much more effectively the vanguard of homeschooled children, detached from the toxic popular culture but, unlike Third World immigrants, still possessing the inner spark of Western Civilization, will take assets and power from the childless, amoral elite that currently runs the country.

I believe that a systemic inculcation of the children of the saving remnant of this nation with Biblical values of thrift, hard work and honesty will result in the inevitable distribution of capital from unworthy hands (our current elite) to our hands. I have experienced this myself. The second-largest asset I own came to me at a bargain price because of someone’s divorce. One person’s inability to delay gratification led to a distribution of capital from his hands to mine.

Look around this society, or take a walk in a mall, and just look at what you see. There are so many people who are fundamentally unemployable in any job that it must become obvious that the moral capital account of our Christian past, on which we’ve been coasting for two to three generations at least, is rapidly being depleted and will soon report “Insufficient Funds.”

As massive amounts of capital are distributed from Baby Boomers to their children, the latter’s inability to delay gratification will result in massive bargain sales of important assets to those with the simple patience to avoid debt, save cash, work hard and stick together. In the long run, Dave Ramsey, in teaching Christians these skills, may have more impact on the future than Billy Graham (I just wish Dave would stop advising people to buy stocks when dividend yields are below historical averages).

If the destruction of our country continues (which really means the dissociation of the nation from its government), we must see ourselves less as generic Americans and more as a self-conscious elite minority in a multicultural society. All over our country, little groups prosper because they have a common faith and stick together. The two wealthiest ethnic groups, according to The Millionaire Next Door, are the Chinese and Russians. Other rich minorities you’ve probably never heard described as such include Armenians, Syrian Jews, Lebanese and Greeks. They succeed through niche businesses, cooperation and explicit preference for doing business with each other.

If the American nation is no longer to be, then we must decide the boundaries of a new group. Homeschooling and/or Christian-schooling Protestant Christians will be their own minority elite in the new polyglot America. And given the high achievements of our ancestors and the high calling of our faith, we should not be content with running convenience stores (the niche of Pakistanis) or hotels (the niche of high-caste Indians). We ultimately must seek to control the means of influence itself: a large capital base at least sufficient to control major media and thus politics. In the moments when I am most postmillenial, I would argue the ideal of the unity of all capital in Christian hands.

Before we can get there, though, many Christians will have to let go of their pietist contempt for wealth and empire-building. Wealth is nothing more than control of God’s Creation, which was declared good by God Himself. Man makes it an idol, but there is nothing fundamentally evil about lumber, land or oil. Someone will own our country after the capital of the current decadent elite is redistributed through the iron laws of economics. If not us, who?

There is a certain sanity in this acknowledgment, of coming to grips with reality. While we must not yet give up on our country, it is nice to know there is still a strategy if our depreciating returns in convincing our fellow Americans to “wake up” are unsuccessful. They may not wake up because they are already dead, anesthetized by Grand Theft Auto and Guitar Hero.

The challenges will be immense, ironically in proportion to success. The lure of frivolity and materialism is very hard to resist, especially if our group can attain control of significant amounts of capital, but the lessons of the past should make us realize that there is nothing inherently in us that makes us worthy of our civilization (as Sam Francis said, European peoples are a necessary but not sufficient ingredient for Western Civilization). The virtues of the past must be diligently rebuilt with each generation, lest the base of the capital be itself eroded. The more material wealth and influence we attain, the harder we must be in teaching the next generation the values that enable the wealth.  In the long-term, if proper Christian doctrine is not instilled in your grandchildren, they may feel guilty about inherited wealth and seeking to please their peers, give much of it away to causes totally at odds with the family interest (I am thinking specifically here of the great man Henry Ford, whose wealth now funds a foundation run by alien Marxists).

I would argue that common religion and values are not enough, that most successful groups contain a commonality of both physical descent and religion. But on a practical level, there is no need to argue about this, for if I am right about this it will be true “on the ground” anyway.

I hope my readers do not find this post too depressing, as it is an acknowledgment that reaping follows sowing. It is the West that voluntarily gave up its faith, surrendered its authority and leadership and is now allowing itself to be invaded and destroyed. Even at this late hour, it is only for lack of will that we are where we are. But as Christians, we ought to realize that it is the inside that counts, and while still strong on the outside, the corpse of the West is in a whitewashed tomb.

Absent a miracle that looks less and less likely, rebuilding our civilization may take as long or longer than the time it took to destroy it. I would date that rot back to the Enlightenment, the anti-Biblical notions of equality and “rights” that lead to the horrors of the French Revolution and later the greatest crimes in the history of humanity under Stalin and Mao. So that’s about 300 years or so by my count*. But it is a good time to be alive, as the opportunities for greatness, for acquiring wealth and doing good may be greater than at any time in history. The essence of life while we are still on this Earth is to struggle for what you love and love the struggle.

*Immigration itself is a highly assymterical act.  When someone immigrates to the US, that is not considered an immoral or aggressive act.  However, to un-immigrate someone, i.e. make them go home or to their parents’ or grandparents’ home, is considered to be a very aggressive act.  The flabby mindset of most Americans would be horrified at such a proposal, but this is exactly what has to happen eventually to claim any part of our nation back for our children**; most nations of Europe have done this with alien groups historically, so it’s not unprecedented.  But it will take a long time for that kind of mental toughness to redevelop.  I would argue that when someone takes an action that requires an aggressive or immoral act to reverse and that act encroaches on the rights of others, then that action is itself aggressive and immoral.

** It is possible we have irreversibly entered an era of multiculturalism, where traditional nation-states are obsolete.  I can accept this, and this highlights the need even more to be a self-conscious minority.  However, I do note a great inconsistency in the application of this principle.  It’s always a country like the USA, or the Netherlands, or Sweden that is “obsolete”.  There’s never any talk that China maybe is obsolete, that Chinese people need to stop being medieval and let all of Africa immigrate into their country.  There’s never any criticism of Saudi Arabia for being explicitly Muslim and Arabic.  It’s always the Christian, European nations that are the target of this, and so I reject this logic until it is at least equally applied to all groups.

Cutting Caffeine

Sunday, August 10th, 2008

I like caffeine so much that I know I would like nicotine, even though I’ve never had it.  That’s why I can never try it.

This last week I cut my caffeine intake by about four-fifths (my former intake was 1 cup of strong coffee and 1 coke, supplemented some days by another cup or iced tea).  It was painful, but worth it.  The way my mind works, somewhat nervous and anxious already, does not need additional stimulation.  God gave me my own internal caffeine that should not be enhanced.

Caffeine, I read, increases stress hormones among its effects.  Now, I find myself doing more to actually address sources of stress than feeling stress itself.  And fewer stress hormones also means better control over the appetite, which is stimulated by cortisol, adrenaline, and the like.

If you have a nervous or anxious personality, try to cut down the caffeine and see how you feel.

Media Male-Bashing

Monday, June 16th, 2008

Top Ten Male-Bashing Ads

Make that the top ten white male bashing ads. I could theorize about this, but the most obvious explanation is that advertisers sometimes like to be funny, and that means somebody has to be the butt of the joke. However, in our politically correct age, white males are the only people left with a sense of humor who won’t boycott you if one of their group members is portrayed in a less-than-flattering light.

This propaganda is having an effect. More reason to never let your kids watch TV. This may sound extreme, but think of the most degenerate little queer screenwriter in Los Angeles, a complete hostile alien to your way of life. That’s who’s writing the scripts to everything on TV. Get a clue, invest in this thing called a DVD player and deliberately pick what they watch.

A Doozy of a Post at the Chalcedon Blog

Saturday, June 14th, 2008

This latest post by Chris Ortiz is very brave. Click here to read his post about Anti-Southern Bigotry.

I’m not exactly a theonomist, but I do keep up with their work and am working my way through Rushdoony’s Institutes of Biblical Law (it’s a great study of the Law, even if one doesn’t always agree with the degree of strictness Rushdoony wishes us to observe). The heart of Rushdoony’s work IMO is his concept of Dominion, of limiting the scope of both church and state and expanding the realm of the multigenerational extended family according to Biblical principles.

The Death of the Middle Class, Part One

Saturday, June 7th, 2008

It’s important to distinguish between one’s politics and likely reality. What I mean is that one’s politics is based on some high but reasonable percentile of the possible, a lofty goal. One’s planning, however, should be for the likely reality. The following is not what I want to happen, but it is what has happened and will likely continue to happen:

This morning I had occasion to venture into a mall, a place I rarely go. Given the inhospitable summers where I live, and being out and about in the earlier morning hours with my family, we decided to go and walk around in the retail temple of American life. Indoor malls tend to attract unsavory characters with nothing better to do than loiter, but in the two hours before lunch, before most of the urban wildlife wakes from their post-nocturnal slumber, it can be a tolerable experience.

I think what shocked me today were prices. Father’s Day cards and a couple of trinkets from Hallmark: $23. A few paperbacks and a children’s book from the bookstore: $33. With a median income per wage-earner person of about $30,000, my morning outing represented four hours of labor, or 10% of someone’s workweek. In 1998 dollars (just ten years ago, and approximately where my price indexes are stuck mentally), that’s just $23,500.

What Pat Buchanan predicted fourteen years ago in his seminal work The Great Betrayal has come to pass. The American elite has abandoned any pretense of being a real nation and thus, they have killed the middle class.

Debt will sustain the trend a bit longer, but American living standards are going to drop.

Part of me sees this as inevitable. Absent a restraining force (a sense of loyalty to one’s nation or family, which Westerners seem to pathologically lack), the animal spirits of capitalism will do their job. Capitalism has succeeded in providing abundant material goods at cheap prices to masses of people. But it is also having a leveling effect.

If a Chinaman can assemble cars as well as an American at a cheaper wage (and this is especially true if their competitors are the affirmative-action-crippled unionized-spoiled-brats of GM and Ford), then if the gap is sufficient to pay for the switching costs and transportation costs of bringing goods to market, then the work will go to China. Combine this with an alienated and decadent elite in this country who would rather lose money outsourcing (as many of them do) than give their own people decent-paying jobs and the process is inevitable.

And once it starts, even paternally-minded business owners will be forced to offshore or else be driven out of business by consumers increasingly driven by price. Losing jobs makes Americans poor which makes them more price sensitive which makes companies offshore to cut costs and then Americans lose more jobs. The decapitalization of this country is occurring at a breathtaking rate. Since Bush took office, U.S. manufacturing jobs have declined 25%.

This is an important statistic because for most of world history, wealth has been distributed very unequally. Economists believe this is because of a phenomenon called information asymmetry. The most valuable roles in society are physically idle roles that specialize in information processing. Unfortunately, the genetic lottery is very unequal in its distribution of information processing skills (i.e. intelligence, with a strong non-linear component due to the winner-take-all economic law of “low price gets the sale”), thus resulting in wildly unequal distributions of wealth. This is not fundamentally unjust, just reality.

The advent of manufacturing, on the other hand, for the first time made it possible for an average person to have enough productivity to justify a middle-class wage. In a national setting with high material demand and a limited labor supply, wages can rise to just under the actual economic value of the work.

But it does not have to be this way. Open up your labor markets to an influx of people, and those wage rates will be bid down. Profits will be beat down and the temporary anomaly of a middle class will be destroyed.

This is happening in American at a pace unprecedented even by the decadent standards of the contemporary West. Europe, with all its socialist rot, is careful about preserving jobs for its people. They suffer from immigration problems as we do and also from moral degeneracy, but there is something admirable in many European countries’ genuine concern for the plight of their average people. We may disagree with some of their methods (high taxes, ugly socialism), but the elites of Europe are somewhat better than the elites of America in this regard.

This may go back to our Second Revolution of 1865. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn famously said “Live not by lies”. Post-Lincoln, this country has tried to define itself not as a particular nation for a particular people, but as a country based on an ideology, Equality. This ideology is so evidently false that like the Soviet system before it, the elites merely mouth the politically-correct words while undermining its basis in their behavior and actions. Intel isn’t offshoring to Gambia, but to China, based on the very real inequality between the two nations of people living in those places.

The tragedy of this false ideology is that the true American nation, the Anglo-American core, is denied the use of language that could express a common interest and the means of self-defense. The elite cravenly attacks the middle classes when they attempt to organize themselves (witness the decrying of calls for immigration law enforcement as “racist”), all the while engaging in highly unequal, discriminatory practices among themselves.

Their kids will never be bussed into the ghetto and don’t even apply to the public universities where affirmative action is most rudely practiced. They rarely have to interact with the sheer incompetence and annoyance of everyday life in America these days, as more and more competent Americans are replaced with hostile foreigners in every sphere of life. When was the last time the CEO of Citibank or Microsoft stepped into a post office and came face-to-face with modern American reality?

Politically, it is our duty to continue to fight for our nation, whatever the odds. But, on a personal level, we must plan for what seems likely. I’ll paint that picture more specifically in a subsequent post.

Great Commentary on the FLDS Mess

Friday, May 2nd, 2008

How many raids on polygamous Muslims?  How many raids in the ghetto?

Your kids are next, says Ilana Mercer.

Random Vacation Observations, Part Two

Monday, October 22nd, 2007

2. With the crummy weather and red tide situation (the little one was very attracted to the dead fish), we spent the first morning at a nice little outdoor mall. Outdoor malls seem to be the new pattern, as they deprive the riff-raff who usually frequent malls of any air-conditioned common areas to waste time and annoy others. This is very pleasant for those of us with families who wish to get our business done and go home. In any case, my girls did the Build-a-Bear Workshop. This is an incredible business, and a lesson for me that confirms what I’ve already learned in business: never underestimate what people will pay for something, and in this case especially what yuppies will pay for an “experience” for their children. They vacuum-cleaned my wallet for $66 for two made-in-China stuffed animals. But their little faces were so happy…and of course from a daddy’s perspective that’s worth it: once or twice, on vacation.

Random Vacation Observations, Part One

Sunday, October 21st, 2007

We had one of those “black swan” experiences. Northwest Florida is apparently suffering from a severe drought, yet it rains 12 inches over the two full days we’re there. Simultaneously, the annual but unpredictable red tide comes in, washing up scores of dead fish on the beach while causing respiratory irritation within 1/2 mile of the beach, for which I paid extra for a direct-on-the-beach condo. We did our best to enjoy, and for my readers a few random observations, to syndicate over the next few days:

1. The Florida real estate bubble is bursting, but right now most people are still in denial. About 30-40% of the properties on some streets are for sale, but the asking prices seem exorbitant to me, at least based on fundamentals. Compare: a $120,000 house in Houston might rent for $1200 a month. The $2 million 3-bedroom beachside condominium I rented was $300 a night, or $9000 a month, but probably more like $7500 a month when one accounts for vacancies and real estate management fees. That would imply a value of about $750,000 for the condo, max $1 million if you discount the uncommonly efficient (though aesthetically distasteful) Houston builder machines. So while it’s amusing to see a real estate bubble bust in realtime (as those of us with more frugal, long-term strategies must also suffer through this sort of silliness every few years as it moves among various asset classes), the blood is not yet in the streets. When it does, it would be nice time to buy a condo. But for my money, renting is a bargain. Most vacation home purchases seem to me not a rational way of deploying excess capital but an irrational attempt to crystallize positive vacation experiences that have everything to do with locale and personnel and little to nothing to do with ownership vs. renting.